Phylogenetic Relationships
Biology ⇒ Biological Classification
Phylogenetic Relationships starts at 10 and continues till grade 12.
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See sample questions for grade 10
A scientist compares the DNA of two species and finds a 98% similarity. What does this suggest about their evolutionary relationship?
Describe how a phylogenetic tree can help scientists understand the process of evolution.
Describe the difference between a rooted and an unrooted phylogenetic tree.
Describe what a molecular clock is and how it is used in phylogenetics.
A scientist compares the DNA of two species and finds a 98% similarity. What does this suggest about their evolutionary relationship?
A researcher is constructing a phylogenetic tree for four species: A, B, C, and D. DNA analysis shows that A and B share 95% similarity, A and C share 90%, and A and D share 85%. Based on this data, which two species are most likely to be sister taxa?
A phylogenetic tree shows that birds and crocodiles share a more recent common ancestor with each other than either does with lizards. What does this imply about their evolutionary relationships?
A scientist is studying the evolutionary relationships among five plant species. She notices that Species A, B, and C all have a unique flower structure not found in Species D and E. However, DNA analysis shows that Species C is genetically closer to D and E than to A and B. What does this suggest about the evolution of the unique flower structure?
Which of the following best describes a common ancestor? (1) An organism that is extinct (2) An organism from which two or more species have evolved (3) An organism that is unrelated to any other species (4) An organism that is the most advanced in evolution
Which of the following best describes a polyphyletic group? (1) Includes a common ancestor and all descendants (2) Includes unrelated organisms from different ancestors (3) Includes only extinct species (4) Includes only living species
Which of the following is a limitation of using only morphological data in phylogenetic analysis? (1) It is always accurate (2) It can be influenced by convergent evolution (3) It is faster than molecular analysis (4) It does not require any expertise
Which of the following is a shared derived character of mammals? (1) Lungs (2) Hair (3) Backbone (4) Gills
Fill in the blank: A __________ group consists of an ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.
Fill in the blank: A group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all its descendants is called a __________.
Fill in the blank: In a phylogenetic tree, the point where two branches split is called a __________.
Fill in the blank: The evolutionary history of a species or group of species is called its __________.
True or False: A monophyletic group includes an ancestor and all its descendants.
True or False: All branches on a phylogenetic tree are of equal length.
True or False: All members of a clade share at least one derived character.
True or False: All organisms on a phylogenetic tree that are connected by a single branch are considered to be in the same clade.
