Phylogenetic Relationships
Biology ⇒ Biological Classification
Phylogenetic Relationships starts at 10 and continues till grade 12.
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A phylogenetic tree shows that species X and Y share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with species Z. What does this imply about their evolutionary relationship?
A scientist is comparing the DNA sequences of four species to construct a phylogenetic tree. Species A and B share 98% similarity, while A and C share 90%, and A and D share 85%. Which species is most closely related to A?
Describe the difference between a rooted and an unrooted phylogenetic tree.
Describe the role of fossil evidence in reconstructing phylogenetic relationships.
A phylogenetic tree shows that species X and Y share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with species Z. What does this imply about their evolutionary relationship?
A scientist is comparing the DNA sequences of four species to construct a phylogenetic tree. Species A and B share 98% similarity, while A and C share 90%, and A and D share 85%. Which species is most closely related to A?
A phylogenetic tree of flowering plants shows that two species, A and B, share a unique genetic marker not found in any other species in the tree. What does this suggest about their evolutionary relationship?
A researcher is constructing a phylogenetic tree using both mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sequences from several primate species. Explain why the resulting trees might differ and discuss what this could indicate about the evolutionary history of these species.
Which of the following best defines a phylogenetic tree? (1) A diagram showing evolutionary relationships among organisms (2) A chart of population sizes over time (3) A map of animal migration routes (4) A table of genetic codes
Which of the following best describes a sister group in a phylogenetic tree? (1) Two groups that share a most recent common ancestor (2) Two groups that are distantly related (3) Two groups with no common ancestor (4) Two groups with identical DNA
Which of the following is a synapomorphy for mammals? (1) Feathers (2) Mammary glands (3) Scales (4) Gills
Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure? (1) Wings of a bat and wings of a butterfly (2) Flippers of a whale and arms of a human (3) Fins of a fish and wings of a bird (4) Eyes of a squid and eyes of a human
Fill in the blank: A ________ is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.
Fill in the blank: In phylogenetic trees, the points where two branches split are called ________.
Fill in the blank: The ________ method is a common approach for constructing phylogenetic trees based on the principle of parsimony.
Fill in the blank: The evolutionary history of a species or group of species is called its ________.
True or False: A paraphyletic group contains all the descendants of a common ancestor.
True or False: A polytomy in a phylogenetic tree indicates uncertainty about the evolutionary relationships among the taxa involved.
True or False: All members of a clade share at least one synapomorphy.
True or False: All phylogenetic trees are based solely on genetic data.
