Acid-Base Balance in Biological Systems
Biology ⇒ Biological Systems and Homeostasis
Acid-Base Balance in Biological Systems starts at 10 and continues till grade 12.
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A patient has a blood pH of 7.50. Is this condition called acidosis or alkalosis?
A patient with uncontrolled diabetes develops rapid, deep breathing (Kussmaul respiration). Explain the physiological reason for this response.
Describe the difference between respiratory and metabolic acid-base disorders.
Describe the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration.
A buffer solution contains 0.3 M HA and 0.3 M A⁻. If the pKa is 7.0, what is the pH of the solution?
A patient has a blood pH of 7.50. Is this condition called acidosis or alkalosis?
A patient with uncontrolled diabetes develops rapid, deep breathing (Kussmaul respiration). Explain the physiological reason for this response.
Calculate the pH of a buffer solution where the concentration of the acid (HA) is 0.1 M, the concentration of its conjugate base (A⁻) is 0.2 M, and the pKa is 6.0.
What is the normal pH range of human blood? (1) 6.8–7.0 (2) 7.35–7.45 (3) 7.8–8.0 (4) 6.0–6.5
Which of the following best describes a buffer? (1) A substance that speeds up chemical reactions (2) A substance that resists changes in pH (3) A substance that increases acidity (4) A substance that neutralizes bases only
Which of the following best describes the term 'alkalosis'? (1) Blood pH below 7.35 (2) Blood pH above 7.45 (3) Excess hydrogen ions in blood (4) Decreased bicarbonate in blood
Which of the following equations represents the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation? (1) pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA]) (2) pH = -log[H⁺] (3) pH = log([HA]/[A⁻]) (4) pH = pKa - log([A⁻]/[HA])
Fill in the blank: A solution with a pH of 5 is considered ________.
Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for bicarbonate ion is ________.
Fill in the blank: The enzyme ________ catalyzes the conversion of CO₂ and H₂O to carbonic acid in red blood cells.
Fill in the blank: The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate the ________ of a buffer solution.
True or False: Acidosis refers to a condition where the blood pH falls below 7.35.
True or False: Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by excessive vomiting.
True or False: The bicarbonate buffer system is open because CO₂ can be eliminated by the lungs.
True or False: The lungs can compensate for metabolic acidosis by increasing the rate and depth of breathing.
