Role of Acids and Bases in Biological Systems
Chemistry ⇒ Acids, Bases, and Salts
Role of Acids and Bases in Biological Systems starts at 11 and continues till grade 12.
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A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Is this condition called acidosis or alkalosis?
Describe the effect of a drastic change in pH on enzyme structure and function.
Describe the effect of lactic acid accumulation in muscles during intense exercise.
Describe the role of acids and bases in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood.
Describe the role of amino acid side chains in the buffering capacity of proteins.
A solution contains 0.01 M lactic acid (pKa = 3.86) and 0.01 M sodium lactate. Calculate the pH of the solution using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
A patient is suffering from chronic kidney disease, which impairs the excretion of hydrogen ions. Predict and explain the likely effect on the blood pH and the body's acid-base balance.
A solution contains 0.02 M acetic acid (pKa = 4.76) and 0.01 M sodium acetate. Calculate the pH of the solution using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
Which of the following amino acids has a side chain that can act as a base at physiological pH? (1) Glutamic acid (2) Lysine (3) Aspartic acid (4) Serine
Which of the following best describes the effect of alkalosis on the nervous system? (1) Depresses the nervous system (2) Has no effect (3) Overexcites the nervous system (4) Causes muscle paralysis
Which of the following best describes the role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the human stomach? (1) It neutralizes stomach contents. (2) It aids in protein digestion by activating pepsinogen. (3) It increases the pH of the stomach. (4) It acts as a buffer.
Which of the following best explains why the pH of saliva is slightly acidic to neutral? (1) To aid in fat digestion (2) To help prevent tooth decay and begin starch digestion (3) To denature proteins (4) To neutralize stomach acid
Fill in the blank: The ________ buffer system is especially important in the regulation of pH in the kidneys.
Fill in the blank: The ________ buffer system is the primary buffer in the intracellular fluid.
Fill in the blank: The enzyme ________ is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid in red blood cells.
Fill in the blank: The main acid produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles is _______.
True or False: All biological fluids have the same pH.
True or False: Enzyme activity in biological systems is often highly dependent on the pH of the environment.
True or False: The lungs help regulate blood pH by controlling the exhalation of carbon dioxide.
True or False: The pH of cerebrospinal fluid is lower than that of blood plasma.
