Organic Reaction Pathways and Energy Profiles
Chemistry ⇒ Carbon and Organic Chemistry
Organic Reaction Pathways and Energy Profiles starts at 11 and continues till grade 12.
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A reaction has an activation energy of 50 kJ/mol and a ΔH of -20 kJ/mol. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Describe the difference between a reaction intermediate and a transition state.
Describe the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of an organic reaction.
Describe the main difference between E1 and E2 elimination mechanisms.
A student draws an energy profile for a reaction and labels the highest point as the intermediate. Is this correct? Yes or No.
A student proposes that increasing the concentration of a nucleophile will increase the rate of both SN1 and SN2 reactions equally. Is this statement correct? Explain your answer.
Consider the following reaction pathway: A → B → C. The activation energy for the first step (A → B) is 80 kJ/mol, and for the second step (B → C) is 40 kJ/mol. If the overall enthalpy change (ΔH) for the reaction is -30 kJ/mol, calculate the activation energy required for the reverse reaction (C → A).
Consider the following scenario: In a two-step reaction, the first step is endothermic and the second step is exothermic. If the intermediate is less stable than both the reactants and products, what can you infer about the relative heights of the two activation energy peaks in the energy profile?
The reaction of 2-bromopropane with hydroxide ion to form propan-2-ol and bromide ion is an example of which type of reaction? (1) Addition (2) Elimination (3) Substitution (4) Rearrangement
Which of the following best describes an endothermic reaction? (1) ΔH is negative. (2) The products are at a lower energy level than the reactants. (3) The reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings. (4) The activation energy is zero.
Which of the following best describes an exothermic reaction pathway? (1) The products have higher energy than the reactants. (2) The products have lower energy than the reactants. (3) The activation energy is zero. (4) The reaction does not require a catalyst.
Which of the following best describes the effect of a catalyst on the activation energy of a reaction? (1) Increases it (2) Decreases it (3) Has no effect (4) Reverses it
Fill in the blank: In an addition reaction, two reactants combine to form a __________ product.
Fill in the blank: In an SN1 reaction, the rate-determining step involves the formation of a __________ ion.
Fill in the blank: The energy profile of a reaction with two steps will have __________ transition states.
Fill in the blank: The energy required to break the bonds in the reactants is called the __________ energy.
A student draws an energy profile for a reaction and labels the highest point as the intermediate. Is this correct? Yes or No.
True or False: In an E2 elimination reaction, the base removes a proton from the same carbon that bears the leaving group.
True or False: In an SN1 reaction, the nucleophile attacks after the leaving group has departed.
True or False: In an SN2 reaction, the rate depends on the concentration of both the nucleophile and the substrate.
