Soap and Detergent Manufacture
Chemistry ⇒ Industrial Chemistry
Soap and Detergent Manufacture starts at 11 and continues till grade 12.
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Describe the difference between a soap and a detergent in terms of their chemical structure and cleaning action.
Describe the process of 'salting out' in soap manufacture.
Describe the role of surfactants in detergents.
Describe the role of temperature in the saponification process.
Explain the environmental impact of phosphates in detergents.
Explain the term 'biodegradable detergent'.
Explain why non-ionic detergents are often used in dishwashing liquids.
Explain why soap is not suitable for washing woolen clothes.
Which of the following is a by-product of the saponification process? (1) Glycerol (2) Ethanol (3) Methane (4) Acetone
Which of the following is a cationic detergent? (1) Sodium dodecyl sulfate (2) Benzalkonium chloride (3) Sodium stearate (4) Sodium carbonate
Which of the following is a common anionic detergent? (1) Sodium lauryl sulfate (2) Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (3) Polyethylene glycol (4) Sodium stearate
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using detergents over soaps? (1) They are less effective in hard water (2) They are non-biodegradable (3) They are more expensive (4) They form scum
Fill in the blank: The cleaning action of soap is due to the formation of __________ around dirt and grease particles.
Fill in the blank: The main difference between anionic and cationic detergents is the charge on the __________ part of the molecule.
Fill in the blank: The main ingredient in most commercial bar soaps is __________.
Fill in the blank: The main raw material for the production of anionic detergents is __________.
True or False: Detergents are always biodegradable.
True or False: Potassium soaps are softer and more soluble in water than sodium soaps.
True or False: Soap molecules have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends.
True or False: The addition of sodium chloride helps in the separation of soap from the reaction mixture.
