Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
Physics ⇒ Earth and Space Physics
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves starts at 7 and continues till grade 12.
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Describe the main difference between P-waves and S-waves in terms of their movement and the materials they can travel through.
Describe what happens to the amplitude of seismic waves as they move away from the epicenter.
Describe what is meant by 'seismic shadow zone' and explain why it occurs.
Describe what is meant by the term 'aftershock'.
Explain how scientists use the difference in arrival times of P-waves and S-waves to locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
Explain the difference between magnitude and intensity in the context of earthquakes.
Explain why earthquakes are more likely to occur at plate boundaries.
A city is located 100 km from the epicenter of an earthquake. If the P-wave speed is 5 km/s, how long will it take for the P-wave to reach the city?
Which of the following best describes the movement of particles in a P-wave?
(1) Perpendicular to wave direction
(2) Parallel to wave direction
(3) Circular motion
(4) No movement
Which of the following is a correct statement about the focus and epicenter of an earthquake?
(1) The focus is on the surface, and the epicenter is underground.
(2) The focus is underground, and the epicenter is on the surface.
(3) Both are on the surface.
(4) Both are underground.
Which of the following is NOT a method used to reduce earthquake damage?
(1) Building flexible structures
(2) Using poor construction materials
(3) Securing heavy objects
(4) Designing shock absorbers in buildings
Which of the following is NOT a type of seismic wave?
(1) P-wave
(2) S-wave
(3) T-wave
(4) Surface wave
Fill in the blank: The ________ is the instrument used to record seismic waves.
Fill in the blank: The ________ scale measures the effects and damage caused by an earthquake.
Fill in the blank: The boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other is called a ________ fault.
Fill in the blank: The energy released during an earthquake travels in the form of ________ waves.
True or False: Earthquakes can trigger tsunamis if they occur under the ocean.
True or False: Surface waves travel along the Earth's surface and generally have lower frequencies than body waves.
True or False: S-waves can travel through both solids and liquids.
True or False: The intensity of an earthquake is the same as its magnitude.
