Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
Physics ⇒ Earth and Space Physics
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves starts at 7 and continues till grade 12.
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Describe the difference between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake.
Describe the main difference between body waves and surface waves.
Describe the process of triangulation in locating an earthquake's epicenter.
Explain how the Richter scale measures earthquake magnitude.
Explain the term 'seismic shadow zone' and its significance in understanding Earth's internal structure.
A seismic wave travels at 8 km/s through the mantle. How long will it take to travel 400 km?
A seismograph at Station A records a P-wave arrival at 12:00:00 and an S-wave arrival at 12:00:40. If the S-P time difference is 40 seconds and the average speeds of P-waves and S-waves are 6 km/s and 3.5 km/s respectively, calculate the distance from Station A to the earthquake epicenter.
If a seismograph records a P-wave at 10:00:00 and an S-wave at 10:00:30, and the station is 210 km from the epicenter, what is the average speed of the S-wave if the P-wave speed is 6 km/s?
Which of the following best describes the motion of Rayleigh waves?
(1) Side-to-side horizontal motion
(2) Up-and-down rolling motion
(3) Back-and-forth longitudinal motion
(4) No motion
Which of the following is a correct statement about the propagation of seismic waves?
(1) P-waves travel only through solids.
(2) S-waves travel through both solids and liquids.
(3) Surface waves travel only along the Earth's surface.
(4) P-waves are slower than S-waves.
Which of the following is a primary cause of earthquakes?
(1) Volcanic eruptions
(2) Tectonic plate movement
(3) Meteorite impacts
(4) All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a method used to measure or estimate earthquake magnitude?
(1) Richter scale
(2) Moment magnitude scale
(3) Mercalli scale
(4) Seismic moment calculation
Seismographs are used to measure the ________ of seismic waves.
The ________ is the instrument used to detect and record seismic waves.
The ________ scale is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake based on observed effects and damage.
The difference in arrival times of P-waves and S-waves at a seismic station can be used to determine the ________ to the earthquake epicenter.
True or False: S-waves can travel through both solids and liquids.
True or False: The amplitude of seismic waves decreases as they travel farther from the epicenter.
True or False: The energy released by an earthquake increases by about 32 times for each unit increase in magnitude on the Richter scale.
True or False: The magnitude of an earthquake is a measure of the energy released at the source.
