Second Law of Thermodynamics
Physics ⇒ Heat and Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics starts at 11 and continues till grade 12.
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Describe a real-life example where the Second Law of Thermodynamics is observed.
Describe the relationship between entropy and the reversibility of a process.
Describe the significance of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in the context of energy resources and efficiency.
Explain why heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cold object to a hot object.
A Carnot engine operates between 600 K and 400 K. What is its maximum efficiency?
A Carnot engine operates between a hot reservoir at 500 K and a cold reservoir at 300 K. What is the maximum possible efficiency of this engine?
A Carnot refrigerator operates between 250 K and 300 K. If it removes 500 J of heat from the cold reservoir, how much work must be supplied?
A heat engine absorbs 600 J of heat from a hot reservoir and expels 400 J to a cold reservoir. How much work does it do?
The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on which of the following? (1) The working substance (2) The temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs (3) The amount of heat supplied (4) The speed of operation
Which of the following devices violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics? (1) Refrigerator (2) Heat engine (3) Perpetual motion machine of the second kind (4) Air conditioner
Which of the following is a correct implication of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? (1) All energy transformations are 100% efficient (2) Some energy is always lost as heat in energy conversions (3) Energy can be created from nothing (4) Work can be completely converted into heat
Which of the following is a correct statement of the Kelvin-Planck statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics? (1) It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no other effect than the transfer of heat from a cooler to a hotter body. (2) It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no other effect than the conversion of all the heat absorbed from a reservoir into work. (3) The entropy of the universe always increases. (4) Energy is always conserved.
Fill in the blank: In a spontaneous process, the total entropy change (system + surroundings) is __________.
Fill in the blank: The maximum efficiency of a heat engine operating between two reservoirs is given by the formula __________.
Fill in the blank: The Second Law of Thermodynamics helps explain why natural processes are __________.
Fill in the blank: The Second Law of Thermodynamics introduces the concept of __________, which is not addressed by the First Law.
True or False: Entropy is a state function.
True or False: The entropy of an isolated system can never decrease.
True or False: The Second Law of Thermodynamics applies only to macroscopic systems, not to microscopic systems.
True or False: The Second Law of Thermodynamics can be used to determine the direction of natural processes.
