Second Law of Thermodynamics
Physics ⇒ Heat and Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics starts at 11 and continues till grade 12.
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Define entropy in the context of thermodynamics.
Describe the difference between a reversible and an irreversible process in thermodynamics.
Explain in your own words what is meant by the 'irreversibility' of natural processes according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Explain why perpetual motion machines of the second kind are impossible according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
A Carnot engine operates between two heat reservoirs at temperatures 500 K and 300 K. What is the maximum possible efficiency of this engine?
A Carnot refrigerator operates between 250 K and 300 K. If it removes 500 J of heat from the cold reservoir, how much work does it require?
A heat engine absorbs 600 J of heat from a hot reservoir and does 150 J of work. How much heat is expelled to the cold reservoir?
A heat pump extracts 800 J of heat from the outside air at 270 K and delivers 1000 J of heat to a room at 300 K. How much work is required to operate the pump?
Which of the following best describes a reversible process?
(1) A process that can be reversed without leaving any change in the system or surroundings.
(2) A process that increases the entropy of the universe.
(3) A process that occurs very quickly.
(4) A process that requires no energy input.
Which of the following devices violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
(1) Refrigerator
(2) Heat engine
(3) Perpetual motion machine of the second kind
(4) Air conditioner
Which of the following is a correct implication of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
(1) All processes in nature are reversible.
(2) The entropy of an isolated system can never decrease.
(3) Heat can flow from cold to hot without work.
(4) The efficiency of a Carnot engine is less than zero.
Which of the following is a correct statement of the Kelvin-Planck form of the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
(1) It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no other effect than the transfer of heat from a cold body to a hot body.
(2) It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no other effect than the conversion of all the heat absorbed from a reservoir into work.
(3) It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no other effect than the transfer of heat from a hot body to a cold body.
(4) It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no other effect than the conversion of work into heat.
Fill in the blank: In a spontaneous process, the total entropy of the universe ______.
Fill in the blank: The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system always ______ over time.
The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends only on the ______ of the hot and cold reservoirs.
The mathematical expression for the change in entropy (ΔS) for a reversible process is ΔS = ______.
According to the Clausius statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, can heat flow spontaneously from a cold object to a hot object?
Is it possible for a heat engine to have 100% efficiency?
State whether the following statement is true or false: The Second Law of Thermodynamics implies that all natural processes are reversible.
State whether the following statement is true or false: The Second Law of Thermodynamics is a statistical law.
